安全的字符串拷贝strcpy_s的实现与理解
在C标准库中提供了字符串拷贝函数strcpy
,而微软则为为它提供了一个更安全的版本strcpy_s
,其函数原型为
errno_t __cdecl strcpy_s(
char* _Destination,
rsize_t _SizeInBytes,
char const* _Source
);
分享下它的实现和一些个人理解
源码展示
标准strcpy
的实现
// from gcc-4.8.5
extern void abort (void);
extern int inside_main;
__attribute__ ((__noinline__))
char *
strcpy (char *d, const char *s)
{
char *r = d;
#if defined __OPTIMIZE__ && !defined __OPTIMIZE_SIZE__
if (inside_main)
abort ();
#endif
while ((*d++ = *s++));
return r;
}
// 简化一下
char *strcpy (char *d, const char *s)
{
char *r = d;
while ((*d++ = *s++));
return r;
}
没什么好说的,懂得都懂(笑
逐地址拷贝,当*d == '\0'
时,while循环退出结束拷贝,网上搜strcpy实现应该能找到很多详解,不赘述了
微软strcpy_s
的实现
// from C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\crt\src\tcscpy_s.inl
/***
*tcscpy_s.inl - general implementation of _tcscpy_s
*
* Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
*
*Purpose:
* This file contains the general algorithm for strcpy_s and its variants.
*
****/
_FUNC_PROLOGUE
errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, const _CHAR *_SRC)
{
_CHAR *p;
size_t available;
/* validation section */
_VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_SRC, _DEST, _SIZE);
p = _DEST;
available = _SIZE;
while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
{
}
if (available == 0)
{
_RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
}
_FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
_RETURN_NO_ERROR;
}
首先明确一点,多出来的参数size_t _SIZE
需要传入目的地址可用长度,即_DEST
的可用长度
实现中多了几个宏定义,我们先猜一下他们是干嘛的,然后带着疑问往下看。
不感兴趣的同学也可以跳过这一章,直接看后面的分析结论
详细分析过程
(注:以下为猜测内容,与实际可能有较大差异,正确解释请接着往后看每个宏定义的详细分析)
总体猜测
_VALIDATE_STRING
:应该是验证字符串的合法性,是否为NULL,失败可能会直接return错误码;传入SIZE可能还会判断目的地址是否有这么长?但是这个咋判断呢,想不通_VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING
:看不懂,不过既然是VALIDATE(验证),估计还是做一些什么检查之类的吧,但是后面为啥又RESET呢?_RESET_STRING
:应该是将字符串重置,重置为NULL么?_RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL
:应该就是return了一个错误码吧,可能还包含错误信息啥的?_FILL_STRING
:应该是将字符串剩余部分填充为NULL?_RETURN_NO_ERROR
:应该就是return 0
。
这样再看一遍代码下来,整体逻辑还是比较清晰的:
- 先两个
_VALIDATE
宏,验证目的字符串和源字符串的合法性 - 开始逐字符拷贝,如果正常拷到
'\0'
,或者available
跑完了,就停止 - 如果2.中是
available
跑完了,说明SRC的长度超过了SIZE,即超过了目的字符串最大可用长度。拷贝失败了,重置DEST,整理错误信息,return错误码。 - 正常拷到
'\0'
,就把DEST剩余的后半部分[_SIZE - available + 1, _Size)
全填充为某个比较安全的值。 - return 0 结束。
下面逐个分析下这些宏,为了便于理解,我整理了一下,不要在意定义的先后顺序~
_VALIDATE_STRING
_VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
// from internal_securecrt.h
#define _VALIDATE_STRING(_String, _Size) \
_VALIDATE_STRING_ERROR((_String), (_Size), EINVAL)
得,套娃,我们接着看
// from internal_securecrt.h
#define _VALIDATE_STRING_ERROR(_String, _Size, _Ret) \
_VALIDATE_RETURN((_String) != NULL && (_Size) > 0, EINVAL, (_Ret))
// from errno.h
#define EINVAL 22
似乎好理解一点了,如果不满足(_String) != NULL && (_Size) > 0
,可能会报错并返回EINVAL
,EINVAL
就是errno的错误码22
,表示非法参数。原来Size只是判断是否大于0啊,那看来前面猜测的判断DEST长度是猜错了,确实没法实现这个
但是_VALIDATE_RETURN
的第二个和第三个参数都是EINVAL
,又是干啥的?
// from internal.h
#ifndef _VALIDATE_RETURN
#define _VALIDATE_RETURN( expr, errorcode, retexpr ) \
{ \
int _Expr_val=!!(expr); \
_ASSERT_EXPR( ( _Expr_val ), _CRT_WIDE(#expr) ); \
if ( !( _Expr_val ) ) \
{ \
errno = errorcode; \
_INVALID_PARAMETER(_CRT_WIDE(#expr) ); \
return ( retexpr ); \
} \
}
#endif /* _VALIDATE_RETURN */
首先看明白了上面的疑问,第一个参数expr
是判断条件,第二个参数errorcode
是赋值给errno的(不了解errno的同学可以自行搜一下),第三个参数retexpr
是用来return的
然后我们接着来看套娃
// from crtdbg.h
#ifndef _DEBUG
#ifndef _ASSERT_EXPR
#define _ASSERT_EXPR(expr, msg) ((void)0)
#endif
#else // ^^^ !_DEBUG ^^^ // vvv _DEBUG vvv //
// !! is used to ensure that any overloaded operators used to evaluate expr
// do not end up at &&.
#ifndef _ASSERT_EXPR
#define _ASSERT_EXPR(expr, msg) \
(void)( \
(!!(expr)) || \
(1 != _CrtDbgReportW(_CRT_ASSERT, _CRT_WIDE(__FILE__), __LINE__, NULL, L"%ls", msg)) || \
(_CrtDbgBreak(), 0) \
)
#endif
非Debug模式下,就什么也不做,直接转((void)0)
;Debug模式下,_CrtDbgReportW
是弹出对话框报错,_CrtDbgBreak
是触发调试断点,这个扯远了,不再深度展开,有兴趣的同学再另外看下吧~
// from internal.h
#define _INVALID_PARAMETER(expr) _CALL_INVALID_PARAMETER(expr)
// from internal.h
#define _CALL_INVALID_PARAMETER(expr) _invalid_parameter(expr, __FUNCTIONW__, __FILEW__, __LINE__, 0)
_INVALID_PARAMETER
说实话我真没太看明白在干嘛,继续追踪后来会到invarg.c
中,套娃套的太多了,看不过来了。。获取了__FUNCTION__
、__LINE__
等,估计是记录错误,可能在VS的调试器等中有体现,有兴趣的同学也自行也就看下吧
小结(-VALIDATE-STRING)
总结一下,就是检查(_DEST != NULL && _Size > 0)
,不满足的话,赋值errno,并直接返回错误码,(_DEBUG模式下,还会弹窗提示,并触发调试断点)。简单实现如下
// Same like _VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
if (_DEST == NULL || _Size <= 0)
{
errno = EINVAL;
return EINVAL;
}
看完了第一个宏,想必对这些宏的套路也有一些了解,后面的就不每个这么详细展开了
_VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING
_VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_SRC, _DEST, _SIZE);
// from internal_securecrt.h
#define _VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_Pointer, _String, _Size) \
_VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING_ERROR((_Pointer), (_String), (_Size), EINVAL)
// from internal_securecrt.h
#define _VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING_ERROR(_Pointer, _String, _Size, _Ret) \
if ((_Pointer) == NULL) \
{ \
_RESET_STRING((_String), (_Size)); \
_VALIDATE_POINTER_ERROR_RETURN((_Pointer), EINVAL, (_Ret)) \
}
如果_SRC
为NULL
,才进行_RESET_STRING
和_VALIDATE_POINTER_ERROR_RETURN
的操作,就是如果源字符串NULL,直接把目的字符串重置,然后返回验证一个什么值并返回
// from internal_securecrt.h
#define _RESET_STRING(_String, _Size) \
*(_String) = 0; \
_FILL_STRING((_String), (_Size), 1);
// from internal_securecrt.h
/* string resetting */
#define _FILL_STRING _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING
// from internal.h
#if _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER
#define _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(_String, _Size, _Offset) \
if ((_Size) != ((size_t)-1) && (_Size) != INT_MAX && \
((size_t)(_Offset)) < (_Size)) \
{ \
memset((_String) + (_Offset), \
_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_PATTERN, \
(_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD < ((size_t)((_Size) - (_Offset))) ? \
_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD : \
((_Size) - (_Offset))) * sizeof(*(_String))); \
}
#else /* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER */
#define _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(_String, _Size, _Offset)
#endif /* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER */
// from internal.h
#ifdef _DEBUG
#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 1
#else /* _DEBUG */
#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 0
#endif /* _DEBUG */
// from corecrt.h, 0xFE = 254
#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_PATTERN 0xFE
// from internal.h
#ifdef _DEBUG
#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD __crtDebugFillThreshold
#else /* _DEBUG */
#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD ((size_t)0)
#endif /* _DEBUG */
// from dbgheap.c
extern "C" size_t __crtDebugFillThreshold = SIZE_MAX;
这里比较巧妙,重置字符串,一般情况下仅将_DSET首个char的值赋值 *(_DEST) = 0;
;DEBUG模式下才_FILL_STRING
,其中还用_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD
长度判断,还是跟着DEBUG走的,用memset将后面剩下的char赋值为254。后面在_FILL_STRING
章节详细论述一下这个
// from internal_securecrt.h
#define _VALIDATE_POINTER_ERROR_RETURN(_Pointer, _ErrorCode, _Ret) \
_VALIDATE_RETURN((_Pointer) != NULL, (_ErrorCode), (_Ret))
小结(-VALIDATE-POINTER-RESET-STRING)
上个宏检查DEST,这个宏检查_SRC != NULL
,不满足则将DEST首个字符的值赋0,DEBUG模式下会有一套更安全但是更耗性能的DEST重置方式,放在后面_FILL_STRING
的时候一起写
// Same like _VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_SRC, _DEST, _SIZE);
if (_SRC == NULL) {
*_DEST = 0;
#ifdef _DEBUG
_FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, 1);
#endif
errno = EINVAL;
return EINVAL;
}
_RESET_STRING
_RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
// from internal_securecrt.h
#define _RESET_STRING(_String, _Size) \
*(_String) = 0; \
_FILL_STRING((_String), (_Size), 1);
上面已经套娃过这个宏了,不再赘述
小结(-RESET-STRING)
同样_DEBUG的时候,更安全的重置方式,放在后面_FILL_STRING
的时候一起写
// Same like _RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
*_DEST = 0;
#ifdef _DEBUG
_FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, 1);
#endif
_RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL
_RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
// from internal_securecrt.h
#define _RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_String, _Size) \
_RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL_ERROR((_String), (_Size), ERANGE)
// from internal_securecrt.h
#define _RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL_ERROR(_String, _Size, _Ret) \
_VALIDATE_RETURN((L"Buffer is too small" && 0), ERANGE, _Ret)
// from errno.h
#define ERANGE 34
小结(-RETURN-BUFFER-TOO-SMALL)
// Same like _RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
errno = ERANGE;
return ERANGE;
_FILL_STRING
终于讲到前面反复提及的_FILL_STRING了,其实也并没有很复杂,先看下定义
// from internal_securecrt.h
/* string resetting */
#define _FILL_STRING _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING
// from internal.h
#if _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER
#define _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(_String, _Size, _Offset) \
if ((_Size) != ((size_t)-1) && (_Size) != INT_MAX && \
((size_t)(_Offset)) < (_Size)) \
{ \
memset((_String) + (_Offset), \
_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_PATTERN, \
(_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD < ((size_t)((_Size) - (_Offset))) ? \
_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD : \
((_Size) - (_Offset))) * sizeof(*(_String))); \
}
#else /* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER */
#define _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(_String, _Size, _Offset)
#endif /* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER */
// from internal.h
#ifdef _DEBUG
#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 1
#else /* _DEBUG */
#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 0
#endif /* _DEBUG */
// from corecrt.h, 0xFE = 254
#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_PATTERN 0xFE
// from internal.h
#ifdef _DEBUG
#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD __crtDebugFillThreshold
#else /* _DEBUG */
#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD ((size_t)0)
#endif /* _DEBUG */
// from dbgheap.c
extern "C" size_t __crtDebugFillThreshold = SIZE_MAX;
_FILL_STRING
整个宏,仅在_DEBUG定义时work,否则什么也不做;
_SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(_String, _Size, _Offset)
三个参数很好理解,目的字符串、目的字符串长度、填充的起始偏移量
if ((_Size) != ((size_t)-1) && (_Size) != INT_MAX && ((size_t)(_Offset)) < (_Size))
就是检查_Size合法性,并且要求_Offset小于_Size
然后memset
从(_String) + (_Offset)
地址开始,填充0xFE
。非DEBUG模式下填充0个字节,还是相当于什么也不做,多一重判断;DEBUG模式下填充(_Size - _Offset) * sizeof(char)
。
小结(-FILL-STRING)
// Same like _FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _OFFSET);
#ifdef _DEBUG
if (_OFFSET < _Size)
{
memset(_DEST + _OFFSET, 0xFE, (_Size - _Offset) * sizeof(char));
}
#else
// Do nothing;
#endif
_RETURN_NO_ERROR
// from internal_securecrt.h
/* returns without calling _invalid_parameter */
#define _RETURN_NO_ERROR \
return 0
终于有一个不套娃的了XD
小结(-RETURN-NO-ERROR)
// Same like _RETURN_NO_ERROR;
return 0;
分析结论
再粘一遍源码,方便对照着看
_FUNC_PROLOGUE
errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, const _CHAR *_SRC)
{
_CHAR *p;
size_t available;
/* validation section */
_VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_SRC, _DEST, _SIZE);
p = _DEST;
available = _SIZE;
while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
{
}
if (available == 0)
{
_RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
}
_FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
_RETURN_NO_ERROR;
}
_VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
检验_DEST != NULL && _Size > 0
是否满足;若为假,则errno = EINVAL
,并直接return EINVAL
;如果是在Debug模式下(_DEBUG
宏被定义过)还会弹出提示窗口、触发调试断点、记录下错误发生位置等_VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_SRC, _DEST, _SIZE);
判断_SRC == NULL
是否满足;若为真,则Reset_DEST
,errno = EINVAL
,并直接return EINVAL
,Debug模式下也同样弹窗、断点、错误等- 算法逻辑:与分析中的没有区别,逐字符拷贝,如果正常拷到
'\0'
,或者available
跑完了,就停止 - 如果
available == 0
,说明_SRC
的长度超过了_SIZE
,即超过了目的字符串最大可用长度,拷贝失败。 _RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
重置字符串,*_DEST = 0;
,且_FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, 1);
。即将首个字符赋值为'\0'
,后面的字符填充安全字符0xFE
。需要说明的是,_FILL_STRING
也仅在Debug模式下才进行,否则什么也不处理_RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
errno = ERANGE
,并直接return ERANGE
,Debug模式下也同样弹窗、断点、错误等_FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
就是调用memset
,将_DEST
比_SRC
多出来的部分([_SIZE - available + 1, _Size)
)全部填充为安全字符0xFE
。同样,_FILL_STRING
也仅在Debug模式下才进行,否则什么也不处理
可能有点绕,接着看下一章节简化实现应该就清晰了~
简化实现
看完了源码,我们来写个简单点的strcpy_s吧
void fill_string(char * string, size_t size, size_t offset);
errno_t strcpy_s(char *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, const char *_SRC)
{
char *p;
size_t available;
if (!(_DEST != NULL && _Size > 0))
{
errno = EINVAL;
return EINVAL;
}
if (_SRC == NULL) {
*_DEST = 0;
fill_string(_DEST, _SIZE, 1);
errno = EINVAL;
return EINVAL;
}
p = _DEST;
available = _SIZE;
while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
{
}
if (available == 0)
{
*_DEST = 0;
fill_string(_DEST, _SIZE, 1);
errno = ERANGE;
return ERANGE;
}
fill_string(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
return 0;
}
inline void fill_string(char * string, size_t size, size_t offset)
{
#ifdef _DEBUG
if (offset < size)
{
memset(string + offset, 0xFE, (size - offset) * sizeof(char));
}
#else
// do nothing
;
#endif
}
扩展延伸
既然讲完了strcpy_s
,那其他的字符串操作函数的_safe
版本呢?下面再看下strcat_s
和strset_s
。也不多啰嗦了,直接粘出没见过的宏的实现,然后我们在写个简化实现看下~
strcat_s
/***
*tcscat_s.inl - general implementation of _tcscpy_s
*
* Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
*
*Purpose:
* This file contains the general algorithm for strcat_s and its variants.
*
****/
_FUNC_PROLOGUE
errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, const _CHAR *_SRC)
{
_CHAR *p;
size_t available;
/* validation section */
_VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_SRC, _DEST, _SIZE);
p = _DEST;
available = _SIZE;
while (available > 0 && *p != 0)
{
p++;
available--;
}
if (available == 0)
{
_RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_RETURN_DEST_NOT_NULL_TERMINATED(_DEST, _SIZE);
}
while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
{
}
if (available == 0)
{
_RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
}
_FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
_RETURN_NO_ERROR;
}
没见过的宏:
// from internal_securecrt.h
#define _RETURN_DEST_NOT_NULL_TERMINATED(_String, _Size) \
_VALIDATE_RETURN((L"String is not null terminated" && 0), EINVAL, EINVAL)
简化实现:
void fill_string(char * string, size_t size, size_t offset);
errno_t strcat_s(char *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, const char *_SRC)
{
char *p;
size_t available;
if (!(_DEST != NULL && _Size > 0))
{
errno = EINVAL;
return EINVAL;
}
if (_SRC == NULL) {
*_DEST = 0;
fill_string(_DEST, _SIZE, 1);
errno = EINVAL;
return EINVAL;
}
p = _DEST;
available = _SIZE;
while (available > 0 && *p != 0)
{
p++;
available--;
}
if (available == 0)
{
*_DEST = 0;
fill_string(_DEST, _SIZE, 1);
errno = EINVAL;
return EINVAL;
}
while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
{
}
if (available == 0)
{
*_DEST = 0;
fill_string(_DEST, _SIZE, 1);
errno = ERANGE;
return ERANGE;
}
fill_string(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
return 0;
}
inline void fill_string(char * string, size_t size, size_t offset)
{
#ifdef _DEBUG
if (offset < size)
{
memset(string + offset, 0xFE, (size - offset) * sizeof(char));
}
#else
// do nothing
;
#endif
strset_s
/***
*tcsset_s.inl - general implementation of _tcsset_s
*
* Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
*
*Purpose:
* This file contains the general algorithm for _strset_s and its variants.
*
****/
_FUNC_PROLOGUE
errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, _CHAR_INT _Value)
{
_CHAR *p;
size_t available;
/* validation section */
_VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
p = _DEST;
available = _SIZE;
while (*p != 0 && --available > 0)
{
*p++ = (_CHAR)_Value;
}
if (available == 0)
{
_RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_RETURN_DEST_NOT_NULL_TERMINATED(_DEST, _SIZE);
}
_FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
_RETURN_NO_ERROR;
}
简化实现:
void fill_string(char * string, size_t size, size_t offset);
errno_t strset_s(char *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, int _Value)
{
char *p;
size_t available;
if (!(_DEST != NULL && _Size > 0))
{
errno = EINVAL;
return EINVAL;
}
p = _DEST;
available = _SIZE;
while (*p != 0 && --available > 0)
{
*p++ = (char)_Value;
}
if (available == 0)
{
*_DEST = 0;
fill_string(_DEST, _SIZE, 1);
errno = EINVAL;
return EINVAL;
}
fill_string(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
return 0;
}
inline void fill_string(char * string, size_t size, size_t offset)
{
#ifdef _DEBUG
if (offset < size)
{
memset(string + offset, 0xFE, (size - offset) * sizeof(char));
}
#else
// do nothing
;
#endif
}
进一步扩展
聊完了普通版本的_Safe版本string函数,再进一步扩展下所有的string函数safe版本
肝力有限,先把微软的实现粘出来,有空再更新吧
strtok_s
/***
*tcstok_s.inl - general implementation of _tcstok_s
*
* Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
*
*Purpose:
* This file contains the general algorithm for strtok_s and its variants.
*
****/
_FUNC_PROLOGUE
_CHAR * __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_String, const _CHAR *_Control, _CHAR **_Context)
{
_CHAR *token;
const _CHAR *ctl;
/* validation section */
_VALIDATE_POINTER_ERROR_RETURN(_Context, EINVAL, NULL);
_VALIDATE_POINTER_ERROR_RETURN(_Control, EINVAL, NULL);
_VALIDATE_CONDITION_ERROR_RETURN(_String != NULL || *_Context != NULL, EINVAL, NULL);
/* If string==NULL, continue with previous string */
if (!_String)
{
_String = *_Context;
}
/* Find beginning of token (skip over leading delimiters). Note that
* there is no token iff this loop sets string to point to the terminal null. */
for ( ; *_String != 0 ; _String++)
{
for (ctl = _Control; *ctl != 0 && *ctl != *_String; ctl++)
;
if (*ctl == 0)
{
break;
}
}
token = _String;
/* Find the end of the token. If it is not the end of the string,
* put a null there. */
for ( ; *_String != 0 ; _String++)
{
for (ctl = _Control; *ctl != 0 && *ctl != *_String; ctl++)
;
if (*ctl != 0)
{
*_String++ = 0;
break;
}
}
/* Update the context */
*_Context = _String;
/* Determine if a token has been found. */
if (token == _String)
{
return NULL;
}
else
{
return token;
}
}
strncpy_s
/***
*tcsncpy_s.inl - general implementation of _tcsncpy_s
*
* Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
*
*Purpose:
* This file contains the general algorithm for strncpy_s and its variants.
*
****/
_FUNC_PROLOGUE
errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, const _CHAR *_SRC, size_t _COUNT)
{
_CHAR *p;
size_t available;
if (_COUNT == 0 && _DEST == NULL && _SIZE == 0)
{
/* this case is allowed; nothing to do */
_RETURN_NO_ERROR;
}
/* validation section */
_VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
if (_COUNT == 0)
{
/* notice that the source string pointer can be NULL in this case */
_RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_RETURN_NO_ERROR;
}
_VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_SRC, _DEST, _SIZE);
p = _DEST;
available = _SIZE;
if (_COUNT == _TRUNCATE)
{
while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
{
}
}
else
{
_ASSERT_EXPR((!_CrtGetCheckCount() || _COUNT < _SIZE), L"Buffer is too small");
while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0 && --_COUNT > 0)
{
}
if (_COUNT == 0)
{
*p = 0;
}
}
if (available == 0)
{
if (_COUNT == _TRUNCATE)
{
_DEST[_SIZE - 1] = 0;
_RETURN_TRUNCATE;
}
_RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
}
_FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
_RETURN_NO_ERROR;
}
strncat_s
/***
*tcsncat_s.inl - general implementation of _tcscpy_s
*
* Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
*
*Purpose:
* This file contains the general algorithm for strncat_s and its variants.
*
****/
_FUNC_PROLOGUE
errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, const _CHAR *_SRC, size_t _COUNT)
{
_CHAR *p;
size_t available;
if (_COUNT == 0 && _DEST == NULL && _SIZE == 0)
{
/* this case is allowed; nothing to do */
_RETURN_NO_ERROR;
}
/* validation section */
_VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
if (_COUNT != 0)
{
_VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_SRC, _DEST, _SIZE);
}
p = _DEST;
available = _SIZE;
while (available > 0 && *p != 0)
{
p++;
available--;
}
if (available == 0)
{
_RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_RETURN_DEST_NOT_NULL_TERMINATED(_DEST, _SIZE);
}
if (_COUNT == _TRUNCATE)
{
while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
{
}
}
else
{
_ASSERT_EXPR((!_CrtGetCheckCount() || _COUNT < available), L"Buffer is too small");
while (_COUNT > 0 && (*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
{
_COUNT--;
}
if (_COUNT == 0)
{
*p = 0;
}
}
if (available == 0)
{
if (_COUNT == _TRUNCATE)
{
_DEST[_SIZE - 1] = 0;
_RETURN_TRUNCATE;
}
_RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
}
_FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
_RETURN_NO_ERROR;
}
strnset_s
/***
*tcsnset_s.inl - general implementation of _tcsnset_s
*
* Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
*
*Purpose:
* This file contains the general algorithm for _strnset_s and its variants.
*
****/
_FUNC_PROLOGUE
errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, _CHAR_INT _Value, size_t _COUNT)
{
_CHAR *p;
size_t available;
/* validation section */
if (_COUNT == 0 && _DEST == NULL && _SIZE == 0)
{
/* this case is allowed; nothing to do */
_RETURN_NO_ERROR;
}
_VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_ASSERT_EXPR((!_CrtGetCheckCount() || _COUNT < _SIZE), L"Buffer is too small");
p = _DEST;
available = _SIZE;
while (*p != 0 && _COUNT > 0 && --available > 0)
{
*p++ = (_CHAR)_Value;
--_COUNT;
}
if (_COUNT == 0)
{
/* ensure the string is null-terminated */
while (*p != 0 && --available > 0)
{
++p;
}
}
if (available == 0)
{
_RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
_RETURN_DEST_NOT_NULL_TERMINATED(_DEST, _SIZE);
}
_FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
_RETURN_NO_ERROR;
}
参考资料
- C++string函数之strcpy_s 注:该文章中对几个宏的解释存在错误,请甄别阅读
- strcpy_s的函数实现是啥?